LA DIPLOMATIE ECONOMIQUE MAROCAINE ET QUESTION DECISIONNELLE

Cet article s’articule autour des particularités du processus décisionnel marocain en matière de politique étrangère et vise à examiner l’impact de l’adoption de diplomatie économique, en tant qu’une diplomatie basée sur la pluralité des acteurs et la priorité des objectifs économiques, sur la décision extérieure du Maroc. L’analyse du processus décisionnel de la politique étrangère marocaine, à la lumière de la théorie du choix rational démontre la centralité du Roi au processus de décision étrangère du Maroc. Le recours aux mécanismes de la diplomatie économique renforce l’omniprésence royale à travers ses attributions juridiques et politiques, son poids économique et ses qualités symbolique.

PHIL photoinjector test line

LAL is now equiped with its own platform for photoinjectors tests and Research and Developement, named PHIL (PHotoInjectors at LAL). This facility has two main purposes: push the limits of the photoinjectors performances working on both the design and the associated technology and provide a low energy (MeV) short pulses (ps) electron beam for the interested users. Another very important goal of this machine will be to provide an opportunity to form accelerator physics students, working in a high technology environment. To achieve this goal a test line was realised equipped with an RF source, magnets and beam diagnostics. In this article we will desrcibe the PHIL beamline and its characteristics together with the description of the first two photoinjector realised in LAL and tested: the ALPHAX and the PHIN RF Guns

Generative synthesis systems: a framework

Responses delivered by a generative synthesis system (GSS) vary between creative solutions and unusable outcomes. The type of GSS response is driven by many factors such as: the design context, designer's interpretation, implementation environments, design language, and the GSS composition, among many factors. In this paper, we describe a GSS framework to provide a recipe for delivering responses, which can be qualified as solutions. The framework focuses on GSS composition. It includes descriptions for: building blocks, components, and building strategy. The framework is informed by generative design literature and by our experimentation. We present the framework through: a brief background to GSS, metrics, building blocks, components, and building strategy. We also show an example of GSS implementation and offer a brief discussion.

[Correlation of a quantitative videocapillaroscopic score with the development of digital skin ulcers in scleroderma patients]

BACKGROUND:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. The microangiopathy is early detectable in the course of the disease by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), a non-invasive technique with a high diagnostic value. OBJECTIVE:Aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of a quantitative score and its correlation with the digital skin ulcers, which frequently complicate SSc microangiopathy. METHODS:We retrospectively analysed the NVC of 65 SSc patients, performed by 200x videocapillaroscopy connected to image analyse software (Videocap; DS MediGroup, Milan, Italy). The analysis of NVC images included: total number of capillaries in the distal row (N), maximum diameter (D) and number of giant capillaries (M), M/N ratio and percentage of M, presence/absence of micro-haemorrhages and tortuosity. RESULTS:21/65 SSc patients experienced digital ulcers within three months after the NVC examination. The N, D, M/N, and percentage of M significantly correlated with the appearance of ischemic ulcers. A multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation for N, M/N and D, while sensitivity and specificity of these parameters were unsatisfactory. A capillaroscopic score, according to the formula D x M/N2, showed a high specificity and sensibility (93.2% and 85.7% respectively; area under ROC curve: 0.918) to predict the appearance of digital ulcers. CONCLUSIONS:This capillaroscopic score may represent a feasible and simple tool in SSc patients' assessment. The routinely use of this parameter might permit to recognize and to preventively treat SSc patients at high risk to develop digital ulcers

Correlation of a quantitative videocapillaroscopic score with the development of digital skin ulcers in scleroderma patients

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. The microangiopathy is early detectable in the course of the disease by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), a non-invasive technique with a high diagnostic value. Objective: Aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of a quantitative score and its correlation with the digital skin ulcers, which frequently complicate SSc microangiopathy. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the NVC of 65 SSc patients, performed by 200x videocapillaroscopy connected to image analyse software (Videocap; DS MediGroup, Milan, Italy). The analysis of NVC images included: total number of capillaries in the distal row (N), maximum diameter (D) and number of giant capillaries (M), M/N ratio and percentage of M, presence/absence of micro-haemorrhages and tortuosity. Results: 21/65 SSc patients experienced digital ulcers within three months after the NVC examination. The N, D, M/N, and percentage of M significantly correlated with the appearance of ischemic ulcers. A multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation for N, M/N and D, while sensitivity and specificity of these parameters were unsatisfactory. A capillaroscopic score, according to the formula D·M/N2, showed a high specificity and sensibility (93.2% and 85.7% respectively; area under ROC curve: 0.918) to predict the appearance of digital ulcers. Conclusions: This capillaroscopic score may represent a feasible and simple tool in SSc patients’ assessment. The routinely use of this parameter might permit to recognize and to preventively treat SSc patients at high risk to develop digital ulcers